Most sociologists of religion describe a general decline in religious faith and practice in Europe over the last two centuries. The destruction of the "sacred canopy" by religious pluralism, and the secularizing forces of the Enlightenment, science, industrialization, the influence of Freud and Marx, and urbanization are all felt to have diminished the power of the churches and demystified the human condition. In Andrew Greeley's view, the use of such overarching theories and frameworks do not begin to cope with a wide variety of contrasting and contrary social phenomena. In Religion at the End of the Second Millenium, he engages the complexities of contemporary Europe to show a nuanced picture of religious faith rising, declining, or remaining stable in different countries under differing realities of social and political life.